Порятунок прав людини від права прав людини
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21564/2227-7153.2020.1.219080Ключові слова:
права людини, міжнародне право прав людини, теза утворюючої мети, засаднича мораль прав людини, обов’язки, зобов’язання, універсальні інтереси, універсальні цінності, легалізація прав людини, юдиціалізація прав людиниАнотація
У цій статті висувається теза, що міжнародне право прав людини (МППЛ) відхилилося від своєї утворюючої мети. Ця мета, як сформульовано в «тезі утворюючої мети» (ТУМ), полягає в тому, щоб виражати і надавати дієвості засадничій моралі прав людини, наскільки це доречно, через закріплення індивідуальних юридичних прав, якими наділяються усі індивіди. Ця стаття розглядає два основні шляхи, в яких МППЛ відхилилося від ТУМ:
(1) тенденція ігнорувати істотні відмінності між правами людини (з якими пов’язані обов’язки) та універсальними інтересами чи цінностями в цілому; та (2) недостатньо критичне просування як легалізації, так і, що більш важливо, юдиціалізації в галузі прав людини. Ця стаття попередньо
вказує на те, що ці внутрішні відхилення в межах МППЛ можуть частково пояснити деякі зовнішні виклики, з якими зіткнулось МППЛ у формі того, що загалом називають «популістська реакція». Сьогодні одним з елементів порятунку прав людини є їх порятунок від деформацій, яких вони зазнали в межах МППЛ.
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