Ідол, виведений з ідеалу? Верховенство права, універсалізація, деградація

Автор(и)

  • Ч. Варга Philosophy of Law Institute of the Catholic University of Hungary, Institute for Legal Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences., Угорщина https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-0518

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21564/2227-7153.2019.2.204724

Ключові слова:

верховенство права, ідеал, універсалізація, справедливість, глобалізована влада суддів, інтервенціонізм

Анотація

Ідея верховенства права визначається сьогодні в усьому світі однією правовою культурою, тією, в якій дещо проголошується правом ex post facto (як в англійському загальному праві) або в силу політичного прагматизму правові нововведення у правосудді залежать від обраних представницьких органів (як у США). Більш того, верховенство права, що використовується як політичний слоган, призводить до ідеократичної ідеалізації. Верховенство права, втілюючи інструментальну цінність (навіть якщо міжнародні групи
впливу фундаменталізують її), представляє певну культуру у грі викликів і відповідей hic et nunc (навіть якщо глобалізм універсалізує її). Розвинене в різних місцях і в різні часи, воно не може бути чимось більшим, ніж низка живих культур зацікавлених країн, заснованих на такому, що еволюціонує історично, цивілізуючому та гуманізуючому ідеалі. Право як сукупність цінностей, які підлягають захисту, водночас стикається з конфліктом цінностей у щоденному правозастосуванні, що зазвичай вимагає зважування та балансування в пошуку компромісного рішення. Не відстоюючи абсолютизм «все або нічого», однобічність або гомогенізацію, варто все ж зазначити, що перетворення правової визначеності на ідола
(як це зробив Конституційний Суд Угорщини) або підпорядкування дій уряду судовому або правозахисному контролю може обернутись принесенням у жертву справедливості за підтримки народу і зникнення raison d’être. Більш того, фетишизація власної гомогенності може викривити переваги, яким вона прагне служити. Глобалізована влада суддів намага-
ється монополізувати всесвітній навчальний процес, відокремлюючи місцеві події від їх природного контексту, щоб нав’язати себе. Зрештою, питання про те, хто може опанувати право, є вирішальним при оцінці втручання міжнародних органів та Європейського Союзу в місцеві справи під гаслом верховенства права.

Біографія автора

Ч. Варга, Philosophy of Law Institute of the Catholic University of Hungary, Institute for Legal Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

Professor Emeritus, Research Professor Emeritus

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